The Balkan Games (aka Balkan Athletics Championships)

This a subject of pure nostalgia. 

Just picture a (very) young Athletics fan back in the 50s. No internet, no TV (in Greece), athletics being barely mentioned in the radio and the single source of information being the unique sports-centric greek newspaper "Athlitiki Icho". (The "Equipe" was available in Greece at that time, with a one-day delay, but regularly purchasing it was beyond my pocket money possibilities). So the best way to keep contact with Athletics was not to miss any local meeting organised in Athens' region. But these involved only the greek champions. So, whenever an international meeting was held in Athens that was something to celebrate. In this sense the year 1957 was special because we were treated to a double feature. Within a single week at the beginning of October we had first the Balkan Games and five days later the first and only historical meeting Balkans-Scandinavia. Having read about the feats of the Scandinavian athletes in the Melbourne Olympics the previous year, I was really thrilled about the opportunity to see them compete "live" in the Panathenaic Stadium. (And they did not disappoint me. I keep an indelible memory of that event).  

But throughout the decades of the 50s and 60s the most important yearly appointment were the Balkan Games. Now, let's be fair. European championships were first organised in the 30s and in the 50s they were held regularly every four years, with women events being included in the same organisation as that of men's already from 1946. The Mediterranean Games were first held in 1951 and by 1955 they were going strong. The famous annual duel USA-USSR was inaugurated in 1958 and would be held non-stop for over two decades. So, there were several important athletics events attracting the attention of the athletics fans, but, somehow, they all felt "far from home". The Balkan games though, were "our" Games. For greek champions the title of winner of Balkan games was probably the apex of their career. But let's start at the beginning.

The idea of an Athletics competition bringing together the countries of the Balkan peninsula germinated in the 20s (those of the 20th century, obviously). The main proponent was Demetrius Dallas, who came to Greece as a refugee from Smyrna in 1922. He was a lover of athletics and, while still in Smyrna, he was the organiser of the Panionian Games. During the 1924, Paris, Olympics he initiated discussions with the representatives of the other Balkan countries. The rationale was that, given the not-so-high level of the athletes of the Balkan countries, the participation in the Olympics could be a frustrating experience, while a competition among athletes of comparable levels could be much more rewarding. During the athletic congress in Amsterdam, on the occasion of the 1928 Olympics, it was agreed to organise yearly a Balkan Athletics Championship. And, as general rehearsal, the greek athletic federation organised in 1929, in Athens, the games that went down to history as pre-balkanic games, with the participation of Greece, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Romania. Turkey would join the "official" Balkan Games in 1931 (although the turk premier I. Inonu was present at the opening ceremony of the 1930 Games). Albania joined the Games later (some sources give 1933 as the date for the first albanian participation but the date of 1946 is also encountered. Probably the latter corresponds to the date when Albania officially ratified the protocol of the Balkan Games). 

Women joined the Balkan Athletics Championships in 1957 with the great Iolanda Balas winning the high jump 9 consecutive times from 1957 to 1965. (Given that in 1966 the high jump was won with 1.69 m and Balas had jumped 1.76 m in spring, she could have won a tenth title were it not for her torn tendon that forced her to withdraw from the 1966 Europeans and put an end to her career).

There was a hiatus due to the war with no Balkan Games organised during the period 1941-1952. Greece, Turkey and Yugoslavia participated in the first post-war championship in 1953 with Romania and Bulgaria joining the first three in 1956. Albania joined in 1963 but had just five participations up to 1986 (but is regularly participating since). The break-up of Yugoslavia in the 90s was a great perturbation and could have led to the demise of the Balkan Games, all the more so, since the interest in this competition was waning (by that time there was a slew of international competitions and the World Championships had seen the light in 1983). Croatia and Slovenia were reticent at the beginning but in the end they joined the circuit (in 2013 and 2014). Serbia together with Montenegro continued as Yugoslavia up to 2004 where they separated. North Macedonia joined from 1996, as well as Moldova, issued from the dissolution of the Soviet Union, while Bosnia appeared in 1998.

But this perturbation was most probably at the origin of a more relaxed approach towards the Balkan Games. First, it was realised that the strict borders of the Balkan peninsula were too confining a definition as to which country could participate (after all, Slovenia and Moldova are most probably, geographically speaking, non-Balkan countries). Then the obvious ties of Cypriots and Armenians with the Balkan peninsula and the emergence of Kosovo as an independent entity made the abolishment of the geographic criteria inevitable. Thus the Association of Balkan Athletic Federations (ABAF) opened its doors successively to Armenia, Cyprus, Georgia, Israel, Kosovo, San Marino, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Austria and Malta. (I am convinced that the influence of D. Karamarinov who has been president of the ABAF from 2010 to 2021, before becoming president of European Athletics, was instrumental in this opening).

For the participating countries, the Balkan Games is a test-ground for the young and upcoming athletes as well as for the established champions who are seeking a less stressful competition in order to fine-tune their preparation. Thus the competition that was flagging in the 80s is now in full swing with Senior, Junior, U20 (both outdoor and indoor), U18 championships as well as Cross Country, Race Walking, Marathon (and half-Marathon) and even Mountain Running championships.

If you are interested in the history of the Balkan Games there is an excellent article on the site Athletics Podium but even better is the Statsbook they had prepared on the occasion of the 2024 Games. I wrote a laudatory article on this great turkish site two years ago. So, if you are an athletics fan (if not, what are you doing here?) bookmark immediately the Athletics Podium site.

I cannot close this article without a remark on what is missing from the program of specific Balkan Championships: combined events. In fact, when the Balkan games were planned the greek organisers did not wish to include hammer throw (under the pressure of the other countries it became part of the program from 1930). Instead they pushed for the greek-style discus throw, only to see a Bulgarian win five times in a row. (Anyhow, the event was discontinued in 1939). There was also a discussion about a medley relay and in 1929 the program included a 1500-800-400-200 m one, only to be replaced from the next year by a 800-400-200-100 m (balkan?) relay (that was discontinued in 1939). But the astonishing point is that the greek representatives vetoed the inclusion of the decathlon in the Balkan Games. It was only in 1939 that the first decathlon was held in the balkan games, and with the interruption due to the war it had to wait till 1957 before appearing again. At that time the women's pentathlon entered the program as well and was replaced by a heptathlon in 1981. (World record holder of 80 m hurdles, Draga Stamejcic, won the pentathlon seven times between 1957 and 1964). Alas, in 1999 the most unfortunate decision to discontinue the combined events was taken. They disappeared from the program and were not replaced (as in the case of the Marathon) by a specific championship that would gather the best balkan combined-event specialists in the same venue. Fortunately, the ABAF saw the light and reintroduced the combined events in the program of the Balkan Championships from 2014. Hallelujah.